glossary2 min read

ORM Explained

ORMs let you interact with databases using programming language objects instead of SQL.

An ORM maps database tables to classes and rows to objects. Instead of writing SQL, you write: User.findMany({ where: { age: { gt: 18 } } }). Popular ORMs: Prisma (TypeScript), SQLAlchemy (Python), TypeORM (TypeScript), ActiveRecord (Ruby), Hibernate (Java). Benefits: type safety, migrations, protection from SQL injection. Drawback: complex queries can be harder to express and may generate inefficient SQL.